Burns and Scalds
Overview
- Adapted from NHS
- Burns are caused by dry heat and scalds by moist heat from hot water or steam. Burns can also be caused by chemicals or by electricity
When to refer to A&E
- Chemical or electrical burns
- Call 999 if smoke or fumes have been inhaled, or for any burn that is large or deep, on the face, neck, hands, feet, joints, genitals or bottom, caused by chemicals or electricity, or where there are signs of shock. Call 111 for advice about a child under 5 years old, or if you are unsure
- Burns causing white or charred skin
- Burns on face, neck, hands, feet, joints or genitals
- Large or deep burns (any burn bigger than the injured person's hand)
Treatment of burns caused by heat
- First, stop any further damage from occurring by stopping further exposure to the cause of the burn (provided it is safe to do so)
- Remove clothing or jewellery if it is not attached to the burnt skin but is near to the burn
- Cool the burn under cool running water for at least 20 minutes. Do not use water that is very cold or icy and only use water – do not apply any substance to the burn
- Ensure the person is kept warm with a blanket (but keep it away from the burn)
- Place a layer of cling film on the burned area or use a clean, clear plastic bag for suitable areas e.g. hand
- Use simple analgesics, such as paracetamol or ibuprofen, to treat the pain
- Raise the affected area to reduce swelling
Chemical and electrical burns
- Both can be very damaging and require immediate medical attention. Only approach the person if it is safe to do so (no risk of electrocution or if wearing protective clothing)
- For chemical burns: call 999. Wear gloves if possible. Remove contaminated clothing and brush any dry chemical off the skin before wetting it. Then irrigate under cool or lukewarm running water for about 1 hour